Dr. Omar Javaid
Francis Fukuyama suggests that state bureaucracies emerged to cope the threat faced by empires from external invaders. After agricultural revolution, when human society produced surplus for the first time, threats of invasion from outsiders became a problem, and as an antidote an army had to be maintained to thwart the invaders. During earlier days, every member of a tribe was trained to fight, but when tribes grew in size and turned into empires, professional armies were created to readily fight back the invaders or initiate an advance into enemy territory. That was a pre-requisite for survival of an empire, particularly when the empire was in competition with another empire of comparable size. To finance the army, a system of taxation was typically employed. The public was convinced to pay a tax in exchange of the security from foreign invaders. To manage the tax collection and utilize it to maintain an army, a bureaucratic system was created, which would manage resources without nepotism and whose managers would serve the empire above any personal agenda. Thwarting nepotism was in fact core principle behind erecting bureaucracies. At first bureaucracies managed the resources necessary to maintain an army, and later law enforcement. Today the system is employed by every state to maintain an entire array of public institutions including system of education, health care, railway, airports, law enforcement, garbage collection, supply of utilities, maintenance of city infrastructure etc.
Francis Fukuyama suggests that state bureaucracies emerged to cope the threat faced by empires from external invaders. After agricultural revolution, when human society produced surplus for the first time, threats of invasion from outsiders became a problem, and as an antidote an army had to be maintained to thwart the invaders. During earlier days, every member of a tribe was trained to fight, but when tribes grew in size and turned into empires, professional armies were created to readily fight back the invaders or initiate an advance into enemy territory. That was a pre-requisite for survival of an empire, particularly when the empire was in competition with another empire of comparable size. To finance the army, a system of taxation was typically employed. The public was convinced to pay a tax in exchange of the security from foreign invaders. To manage the tax collection and utilize it to maintain an army, a bureaucratic system was created, which would manage resources without nepotism and whose managers would serve the empire above any personal agenda. Thwarting nepotism was in fact core principle behind erecting bureaucracies. At first bureaucracies managed the resources necessary to maintain an army, and later law enforcement. Today the system is employed by every state to maintain an entire array of public institutions including system of education, health care, railway, airports, law enforcement, garbage collection, supply of utilities, maintenance of city infrastructure etc.
